tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18908026807156128402024-03-19T05:57:41.561-07:00Engineer CafeCOLLECTION OF ENGINEERING CODE BOOKS AND DESIGN Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.comBlogger105125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-9187999409867497612016-10-15T02:52:00.000-07:002016-10-15T02:52:43.524-07:00SOME IMPORTANT CIVIL ENGINEERING ABBREVIATION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPdgKlN_ZBeFY2HabEiUWgBY6x4Zb9H4oXLe1BAfqPaTnD1QvtZoubGnVF3KY4OICnBA6KZJZDUZuFEZeqZVXssOol-gO0a2AGIZ1I45WcyN9vyjR7CT4-oQobeZW4DRKTC_RhIoulN_0/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPdgKlN_ZBeFY2HabEiUWgBY6x4Zb9H4oXLe1BAfqPaTnD1QvtZoubGnVF3KY4OICnBA6KZJZDUZuFEZeqZVXssOol-gO0a2AGIZ1I45WcyN9vyjR7CT4-oQobeZW4DRKTC_RhIoulN_0/s320/Untitled.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;">-DPC-Damp proof course.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;">· RCC-Reinforced cement concrete.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;">· R.B.W- Reinforced brick work.</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;"><br />· C.I.Sheet-Corrugated Iron sheet.<br />· C.I.Pipe -Cast iron pipe.<br />· NCF-Neat cement finishing.<br />· SWG-Standard wire gauge.<br />· MB-Measurement book.<br />· GP-Ground plane.<br />· VP-Vertical plane.<br />· HP-Horizontal plane.<br />· CP-Cement plaster.<br />· LC-Lime concrete.<br />· CC-Cement concrete.<br />· AC-Asbests cement.<br />· CS-Comparative statement.<br />· PERT-Programme Evaluation and Review Technique.<br />· CPM-Critical path method .<br />· USD-Ultimate strength design.<br />· W.S.D-Working stress design.<br />· BNBC-Bangladesh national building code.<br />· PL-Plinth level.<br />· GL-Ground level.<br />· EGL-Existing ground level.<br />· OGL-Original ground level .<br />· FGL-Formation ground level.<br />· HFL-Highest flood level.<br />· RL- Reduced level.<br />· A.C.I-American concrete institute.<br />· A.A.S.H.O- American Association of state highway official.<br />· A.R.E.A-American Railway engineering association.<br />· A.S.T.M-American society for testing materials .<br />· B.S.I-Bangladesh standard institute.<br />· B.S.T.I-Bangladesh standard testing institute.<br />· ISI-Indian standard institute.<br />· W.C-Water closet.<br />· B.M-Bending moment.<br />· L.L-Live load.<br />· D.L-Dead load.<br />· E.L-Environmental load.<br />· U.S.C-Ultimate stress of concrete.<br />· A.S.C-Allowable Stress of concrete.<br />· F.M-Findness modulas.<br />. B.M-Bench mark .<br />. PVC- Poly vinyl choloride .<br />. UPVC- Unplasticized Poly vinyl choloride.<br />. PPR - Poly Propylene Random</span></div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-2607175493034054562016-04-20T21:22:00.000-07:002016-04-20T21:22:06.139-07:00According to the RAJUK rules in place in the new building policy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/27/Rajdhani_Unnayan_Kartripakkha_Logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/27/Rajdhani_Unnayan_Kartripakkha_Logo.jpg" width="319" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">- Two Katha or below the amount of land to build a house or hotel at around 30 percent of the land will have to leave. </span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">- Two Katha to Three katha land up to 32 percent to leave the field,</span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> - 3 to 5 katha </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">land up to 34 percent to leave the field,</span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">- 5 to 10 katha land for construction will have to leave the around 37 percent. </span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">- 9 to 12 katha land to leave land at 39 percent, </span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">- From 12 to 14 and a half katha 42 percent, </span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">- </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">From 14 to 18 katha </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">land up to 44 percent to leave the field,</span><br />
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">- About 18 katha land to build the house to leave the place at around 47 percent.</span></div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-9163414758835053082016-03-15T02:08:00.001-07:002016-03-15T02:08:14.226-07:00Copy the text you see in the pictures/image is not easily missed<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">How are you? I hope by the grace of God, you will have a good achenaaja not copy pictures to the text?</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">There are many pictures in which many gurattapurna thakeamadera this text written in many cases a lot of time is required to copy the hayakintu usually a copy of the text, we can not do this.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.pchelplinebd.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/office_onenote_11.jpg" rel="nofollow" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4db2ec; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank"><img alt=" Copy the text in the pictures effortlessly" border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIUvwwXr90Ft1QvWDpvKQUagvJafeHjjt4A0YwpsEi4nbNeud3QKhcw0tQxy9LyT8aj44845SbXv3ZOc73E94VS10phWLNCcSqGwUSUU-H9TzsxjvjgyC_ERpU-UHF3l6uo7pYgR3N8g/s1600/office_onenote_1.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 21px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">If you wish, you can copy the text of the parabenaejanya who easily nasudhu you will need more than just run when Microsoft Office OneNote. </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">It is installed with Microsoft Office.</span></span></div>
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first run 'Microsoft Office OneNote'</div>
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then copy image (any format whether jpg, bmp, png etc) and paste it in Microsoft Office OneNote ।<br />
remember that "do not try “open with” option then you will see error message।</div>
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<a href="http://www.pchelplinebd.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/office_onenote_1.jpg" rel="nofollow" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4db2ec; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank"><img alt=" Copy the text in the pictures effortlessly" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-680" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEhhyphenhyphen9VxuvEdgcbPn7ZXERB7780zLCH5KbL0CImjVbQttD0oOqRyO7kpPsZxc5maCt-kkL0ZvnVwGFTgPLP1jPWNssPdp1ylrw6u3jMeV6yKRAvEtPx1vU7dDXgZoeqroKzW7lv15SgqDhjrFvsUd3DuOve_t3qCzsENB2L4ooB7EQaaun4=" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 6px auto 21px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Now that the copy writing, then right-click to select pm </span><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Text From Copy Picture</b><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> "copies of writings that you can effortlessly click the </span><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Word Document</b><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> You can paste it in.</span><br />
<a href="http://www.pchelplinebd.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/office_onenote_2.jpg" rel="nofollow" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4db2ec; outline: none;" target="_blank"><img alt=" Copy the text in the pictures effortlessly" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-681 " height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEj6nGugvbh8ridZoA_F_J_j42tSIaJb2IETumW_UQXdfqr0YDcleIW-wGX_tn6rEiWEzU_C7QQpkuZZaLBZE1lbS2BSlj3kWuNvPARiXPIywAfMTMu_9tflcPUUeu7rGfY1EXTvj7_D9sKFrUfUylvFi2yhEZECdzopqyxUU50KmkjGh_0=" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 6px auto 21px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="" width="500" /></a></div>
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If you thinking about "formatting of the pasted content" then you apply "paste option" then select option “<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Keep Source formatting</b>”</div>
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<a href="http://i68.tinypic.com/e6w37a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Pre-Cracked CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 Free tutorials Download" border="0" height="178" src="https://i68.tinypic.com/e6w37a.jpg" title="Pre-Cracked CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 Free Download" width="320" /></a></div>
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<header style="background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, arial, verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 21.6667px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 fast download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free download,download CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free full version,free CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 download full version for pc with crack,crack CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 direct download,direct CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 download for free,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 direct download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 full direct version download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 torrent download,<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS</b> – Software analysis and design of building structures for civil engineers a special software for the analysis and design of building structures is.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Use this software to analyze and design these structures is oriented.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">All the elements of a building are known for.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Processor design is very complete and all building elements can be found in the software design.</span></header><br />
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">This program has been developed for building systems.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The idea of building plans have been proposed 35 years ago (1963 Klavf RW).</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">However, the need for special programs such as ETABS became more apparent when the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of structural engineers to practical use, and with the advent of computers today with the power of computers for the top larger and more complex structures were used by engineers.</span></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS program in steel and concrete frame design criteria for seismic design of buildings are all considered.</span><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The program will be based on the criteria of plasticity concrete frame and average ordinary and special design.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Steel buildings are also special rules of ordinary and special moment frames and braced systems converge and diverge in terms of the design.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">In addition to the analysis and design is extraordinary, full two-way communication program ETABS <a class="backlink" href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://translate.googleusercontent.com%2Ftranslate_c%3Fdepth%3D1%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bprev%3Dsearch%26amp%3Brurl%3Dtranslate.google.co.in%26amp%3Bsl%3Dfa%26amp%3Bu%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fp30download.com%2Ffa%2Fsoftware%2F%26amp%3Busg%3DALkJrhgeI65E_foF5ZQgBEkhm2g8O6o2nA" style="border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;">software</a> other more.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS SAFE program automatically creates an input file.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">SAP2000 ETABS program also has the ability to create the input file.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS in the new edition of the Mac line that calls the geometry and grid software is AutoCAD. Ability to send geometry to AutoCAD software and other characteristics as well. </span></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">A key feature of the software ETABS:</b></span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Analytical capabilities:</b></span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Knowledge of building elements and classes</span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Automatic calculation of mass and center of gravity</span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Transfer of gravity of the floor beams</span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Production and distribution of lateral loads between levels of classes</span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Modeling and ramp shell elements are</span></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Design Features:</b></span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Steel Frame Design</span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Concrete Frame Design</span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Design of shear walls</span><br />
<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– The design of composite beams</span></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">For nearly 30 years, <b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS</b> has been recognized as the industry standard for Building Analysis <b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">and</b> Design Software.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Today, continuing in the same tradition, ETABS has evolved into a completely integrated building analysis and design environment.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The system built around a physical object based graphical user interface, powered by targeted new special purpose algorithms for analysis and design, with interfaces for drafting and manufacturing, is redefining standards of integration, productivity and technical innovation.</span></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The integrated model can include moment resisting frames, braced frames, staggered truss systems, frames with reduced beam sections or side plates, rigid and flexible floors, sloped roofs, ramps and parking structures, mezzanine floors, multiple tower buildings and stepped diaphragm systems with complex concrete, composite or steel joist floor framing systems.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">solutions to complex problems such as panel zone deformations, diaphragm shear stresses, and construction sequence loading are now at your fingertips.</span></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS is the solution, whether you are designing a simple 2D frame or performing a dynamic analysis of a complex high-rise that utilizes non-linear dampers for inter-story drift control.</span></div>
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">More info (open / close)</span><br />
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<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">below you can download all the ETABS tutorials</span></div>
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<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD7xJ" target="_blank">ETABS Shortcut Commands.pdf - 1.5 MB</a>
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<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD7y4" target="_blank">ETABS TUTORIALS - Google Docs.pdf - 6.3 MB</a>
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<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD7yg" target="_blank">etabs Tutorials multistory-concrete.pdf - 2.1 MB</a>
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<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD7z8" target="_blank">Etabs Tutor full.pdf - 1.6 MB</a>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-40915948218285075082016-01-03T03:33:00.000-08:002017-09-18T03:26:43.894-07:00Free autodesk 3ds max all tutorials PDF - Tutorial eBooks free<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Work through the tutorials to practice some typical workflows. Upon completion you will have a greater understanding of some of the techniques you can use to try your own projects.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD80p" target="_blank">3D MAX Basic-Skills-Binder.pdf - 13.0 MB</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD815" target="_blank">3ds_max_2009_tutorials_animation.pdf - 10.1 MB</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD81Y" target="_blank">3ds_max_2009_tutorials_lighting_rendering.pdf - 7.5 MB</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD82B" target="_blank">3ds_max_2009_tutorials_materials_mapping.pdf - 25.5 MB</a></span><br />
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<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD82Y" target="_blank">3ds_max_2009_tutorials_modeling.pdf - 22.2 MB</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD835" target="_blank">3ds_max_2009_tutorials_project_management (1).pdf - 4.7 MB</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD83d" target="_blank">3ds_max_2011_tutorials.pdf - 123.8 MB</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD846" target="_blank">3dsmax_3dsmax design_2009_composite_map_tutorial1.pdf - 2.6 MB</a></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><b>FOR OPEN THIS BOOK PLEASE DOWNLOAD PASSWARD TEXT FILE.</b></span><br />
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<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD84c" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">passward.txt - 14 B</span></a>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-34506244762363129492015-12-31T00:48:00.000-08:002017-09-18T04:12:22.429-07:00convert newer Autocad files to older version online Free<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16.25px;"><b>Autocad</b> is high profile design software in the world. autocad have so many version like autocad 2007 2010 2014 2016 if you want open new version autocad 2016/2015 save drawing in old version autocad 2007/2010 you cannot open. its big problem for autocad user. Today i make a parmanent solution for cad user. now you can change or convert any drawing version.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 16.25px;"><u>Step by step follow below for convert newer Autocad files to older version:</u> </span></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.25px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16px;">First Go to <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD7mt" target="_blank">client.autocad360.com</a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16px;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">Make an account to click on login/signup red button. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">Now upload your dwg. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">open it there. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">By downloading it you have the options to choose your desired format. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">This site is an online editor for autocad drawings.</span></div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-42620493763838423932015-12-13T00:57:00.000-08:002017-09-18T03:34:51.980-07:00PILE LOAD CAPACITY CALCULATION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://s21.postimg.org/x50qzukqf/forces.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="PILE LOAD CAPACITY CALCULATION" border="0" height="220" src="https://s21.postimg.org/x50qzukqf/forces.gif" title="PILE LOAD CAPACITY CALCULATION" width="192" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pile load capacity calculation is done to find the ultimate load the pile foundation can support when loaded. It is also known as the bearing capacity of piles. Pile load capacity calculation is done for single pile or a group of piles based on the requirement of number of piles for the given load or size of foundation. We will discuss here the load carrying capacity of both single pile and group of piles. </span><br />
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">SINGLE PILE CAPACITY CALCULATION:</span></b></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Vertical Load:</span></b></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="vertical load on pile" border="0" class="td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image0021.jpg" height="178" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image0021.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="vertical load on pile" width="193" /><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The allowable resistance to compression R<span style="bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11.25px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">ac</span> of a single pile is provided by the end bearing, F<span style="bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11.25px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">eb</span> and the skin friction for each strata,F<span style="bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11.25px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">sf</span>. Thus,</span></b></span></b></span></b></span></b></span></b></div>
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<img alt="clip_image010" border="0" class=" td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image010.jpg" height="29" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image010.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="clip_image010" width="148" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Therefore, the maximum compressive service load that can be supported by a single pile is its total resistance less the self weight of the pile, W. Thus</span></div>
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<img alt="clip_image012" border="0" class=" td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image012.jpg" height="31" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image012.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="clip_image012" width="219" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">A pile can also resist a tensile load. The maximum tensile service load,</span><img alt="clip_image014" border="0" class=" td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image014.jpg" height="17" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image014.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="clip_image014" width="18" /><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that can be resisted by pile is</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<img alt="clip_image016" border="0" class=" td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image016.jpg" height="28" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image016.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="clip_image016" width="134" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Values of the end bearing and skin friction resistance are obtained from soil exploration, pile driving energy and test loadings. These ultimate values are divided by a partial factor of safety of between 2 and 3 to give the allowable values F<span style="bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11.25px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">eb</span> and F<span style="bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11.25px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">sf</span>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Horizontal Load:</span></b></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Horizontal load on piles" border="0" class=" ing td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image020.jpg" height="175" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image020.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="Horizontal load on piles" width="184" /></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The horizontal capacity of a single pile is limited by maximum deflection that the structure can accommodate and also by the structural capacity of the pile.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">There are several methods of determining the modulus of subgrade reaction (kN/m3) from which maximum horizontal capacity for a given deflection can be determined.</span></div>
<h4 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 29px; margin: 24px 0px 14px;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">GROUP PILE CAPACITY CALCULATION:</span></b></h4>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Piles are generally arranged in groups to support heavy vertical loads. To minimize the size, and therefore the cost of the pile cap, the piles are arranged as close together as possible.</span></div>
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<img alt="Group pile capacity" border="0" class="ing ing ing ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image022.jpg" height="330" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image022.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="Group pile capacity" width="261" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To provide undisturbed bearing capacity and suitable driving conditions, the recommended minimum clear distance between the piles is twice the diameter of the pile.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<img alt="Minimum clear spacing between piles" border="0" class="ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed td-animation-stack-type0-2 ed ed ed ed ed lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="http://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image024.jpg" height="118" src="https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/clip_image024.jpg" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.39, 0.76, 0.51, 0.56);" title="Minimum clear spacing between piles" width="133" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The total vertical service load on a group of piles should not exceed the group capacity, which is given by:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Group capacity= group friction capacity + group end bearing capacity</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">= 2D(L+K)k1 + BLk2</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Where k1 and k2 are soil coefficients. Individual pile loads within the group are limited to the single pile capacity.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Also here describe mostly followed design small book that can help you to design pile foundation and calculation pile capacity.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD89x" target="_blank">A comparison of friction piles bearing Capacity.pdf - 4.6 MB</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8AE" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Comparison of Five Different Methods for Determining.pdf - 4.0 MB</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8BJ" target="_blank">field-estimates-pile-capacity.pdf - 278 KB</a> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8An" target="_blank">pile design1-das.pdf - 1.2 MB</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8Br" target="_blank">Pile Exmple Solution.pdf - 322 KB</a> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8CS" target="_blank">Pile Foundation Design -2.pdf - 776 KB</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8D1" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pile Foundation Design.pdf - 1.2 MB</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8Db" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pile Foundations.pdf - 887 KB</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://adf.ly/1oD8EI" target="_blank">PILED FOUNDATION DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.pdf - 9.5 MB</a> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">also you can download foundation related books.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-59944975468809508402015-11-29T01:07:00.000-08:002015-11-29T01:07:12.388-08:00Typical weights of building materials <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="paragraph" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<span style="color: black;"><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><u><b>Most common materials:</b></u></span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 175px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Material</span></em></div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 249px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Description</span></em></div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 143px;"><div class="wsite-spacer" style="height: 50px;">
</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 143px;"><div class="paragraph">
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Weight in kN/m2 U.N.O.</span></em></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div style="height: 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 800px;">
</div>
<hr class="styled-hr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.129412); border: 0pt none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.129412); height: 1px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center; width: 800px;" />
<div style="height: 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 800px;">
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 174px;"><div class="paragraph">
Blockwork<br />
Brickwork<br />
Concrete<br />
Glass<br />
Steel<br />
Timber</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 251px;"><div class="paragraph">
Lightweight<br />
London stock<br />
Normal reinforcement<br />
Clear float<br />
Mild<br />
Softwood</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 142px;"><div class="wsite-spacer" style="height: 50px;">
</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 143px;"><div class="paragraph">
10 kN/m3<br />
19 kN/m3<br />
24 kN/m3<br />
25 kN/m3<br />
78 kN/m3<br />
6 kN/m3<br />
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Full list of materials:</span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Material</span></em></div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 251px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Description</span></em></div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 138px;"><div class="paragraph">
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Thickness/ </span></em><br />
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">quantity of unit</span></em></div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 143px;"><div class="paragraph">
<em style="position: relative;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Weight in kN/m2 U.N.O.</span></em></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div style="height: 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 800px;">
</div>
<hr class="styled-hr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.129412); border: 0pt none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.129412); height: 1px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center; width: 800px;" />
<div style="height: 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 800px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> A</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Aggregate<br />
Aluminium<br />
<br />
<br />
Asphalt</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 251px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
Cast alloy<br />
Longstrip roofing<br />
Bronze<br />
Roofing - 2 layers<br />
Paving</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 137px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
0.8 mm<br />
<br />
25 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 144px;"><div class="paragraph">
16 kN/m3<br />
27 kN/m3<br />
0.022<br />
76 kN/m3<br />
0.58<br />
21 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> <strong>B</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Bituminous felt roofing<br />
Bitumen<br />
Blockboard<br />
Blockwork<br />
<br />
<br />
Books<br />
<br />
Brass<br />
Brickwork<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Bronze</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 253px;"><div class="paragraph">
3 layers and vapour barrier<br />
<br />
Sheet<br />
Aerated concrete<br />
Dense aggregate<br />
Lightweight<br />
On shelves<br />
Bulk<br />
Cast<br />
Blue<br />
Engineering<br />
Fletton<br />
London stock<br />
Sand lime<br />
Cast</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 135px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
18 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 144px;"><div class="paragraph">
0.11<br />
11-13 kN/m3<br />
0.11<br />
5-9 kN/m3<br />
20 kN/m3<br />
7-14 kN/m3<br />
7 kN/m3<br />
8-11 kN/m3<br />
85 kN/m3<br />
24 kN/m3<br />
22 kN/m3<br />
18 kN/m3<br />
19 kN/m3<br />
21 kN/m3<br />
83 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wsite-adsense" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> <strong>C</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Cast stone<br />
Cement<br />
Chalk<br />
Chippboard<br />
<br />
<br />
Chippings<br />
Clay<br />
Concrete<br />
<br />
<br />
Coal<br />
Copper<br />
<br />
Cork</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 251px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Sheet<br />
Sheet<br />
Flat roof finish<br />
Undisturbed<br />
Aerated<br />
Lightweight aggregate<br />
Normal reinforced<br />
Loose lump<br />
Cast<br />
Longstrip roofing<br />
Granulated</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 136px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
18mm<br />
22mm<br />
1 layer<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0.6 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 145px;"><div class="paragraph">
23 kN/m3<br />
15 kN/m3<br />
22 kN/m3<br />
7 kN/m3<br />
0.12<br />
0.15<br />
0.05<br />
19 kN/m3<br />
10 kN/m3<br />
18 kN/m3<br />
24 kN/m3<br />
9 kN/m3<br />
87 kN/m3<br />
0.05<br />
1 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> F</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
False ceiling<br />
Felt</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 249px;"><div class="paragraph">
Steel framing<br />
Roofing underlay<br />
Insulating<br />
3 layer plus chippings</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 139px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
50 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 144px;"><div class="paragraph">
0.1<br />
0.015<br />
0.05<br />
0.35</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> <strong>G</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Glass<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Glass wool<br />
Gold<br />
Granite<br />
Gravel</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 250px;"><div class="paragraph">
Crushed/refuse<br />
Clear float<br />
Single glazing<br />
Double glazing<br />
Quilt<br />
<br />
<br />
Loose<br />
Undisturbed</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 136px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
100 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 146px;"><div class="paragraph">
16 kN/m3<br />
25 kN/m3<br />
0.3<br />
0.52<br />
0.01<br />
194 kN/m3<br />
27.3 kN/m3<br />
16 kN/m3<br />
21 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> <strong>H</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Hardboard<br />
Hardcore<br />
Hardwood<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hollow clay pot slabs</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 251px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
Greenheart<br />
Oak<br />
Iroko, teak<br />
Mahogany<br />
Including ribs & mortar (but not topping)</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 138px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
300 mm thick overall<br />
100 mm thick overall</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 143px;"><div class="paragraph">
6-8 kN/m3<br />
19 kN/m3<br />
10 kN/m3<br />
8 kN/m3<br />
7 kN/m3<br />
6 kN/m3<br />
12 kN/m3<br />
15 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> I</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Insulation<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Iron<br />
<br />
Ivory</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 249px;"><div class="paragraph">
Glass fibre<br />
Glass fibre<br />
Polystyrene<br />
Rockwool<br />
Cast<br />
Wrought</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 138px;"><div class="paragraph">
100 mm<br />
150 mm<br />
<br />
25 mm<br />
<br /></div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 145px;"><div class="paragraph">
0.02<br />
0.03<br />
0.04<br />
0.01<br />
72 kN/m3<br />
77 kN/m3<br />
19 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> L</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Lead<br />
<br />
<br />
Lime<br />
<br />
<br />
Linoleum</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 246px;"><div class="paragraph">
Cast<br />
Sheet<br />
Sheet<br />
Hydrate (bags)<br />
Lump/quick (powder)<br />
Mortar (putty)<br />
Sheet</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 141px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
1.8 mm<br />
3.2 mm<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
3.2 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 145px;"><div class="paragraph">
114 kN/m3<br />
0.21<br />
0.36<br />
6 kN/m3<br />
10 kN/m3<br />
18 kN/m3<br />
0.05</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wsite-adsense" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> M</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Macadam<br />
Magnesium<br />
Metal roof cladding<br />
MDF<br />
Mercury<br />
Mortar<br />
Mud</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 250px;"><div class="paragraph">
Paving<br />
<br />
Alloys<br />
Sheet</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 137px;"><div class="wsite-spacer" style="height: 50px;">
</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 145px;"><div class="paragraph">
21 kN/m3<br />
18 kN/m3<br />
0.07<br />
8 kN/m3<br />
136 kN/m3<br />
17-18 kN/m3<br />
17-20 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> P</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Partitions<br />
<br />
<br />
Patent glazing<br />
<br />
Pavement stones<br />
Peat<br />
Plaster<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Plastic<br />
Plywood<br />
<br />
<br />
Polystyrene<br />
Precast concrete</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 248px;"><div class="paragraph">
Plastered brick<br />
Medium dense plastered block<br />
Plaster board on timber stud<br />
Single glazed<br />
Double glazed<br />
Cast iron or concrete framed<br />
<br />
Plasterboard<br />
Plasterboard<br />
Wallboard and skim coat<br />
Lath and plaster<br />
Traditional lime plaster<br />
Traditional lath + plaster ceiling<br />
Plasterboard on timber stud<br />
Plastered brick 102 + 2 x 13mm<br />
Plastered medium density block<br />
Corrugated<br />
<br />
Sheet<br />
Sheet<br />
Expanded sheet<br />
Beam and block + 50 mm topping<br />
Hollowcore plank<br />
Hollowcore plank<br />
Hollowcore plank<br />
Solid plank plus 50 mm topping</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 140px;"><div class="paragraph">
102 + 2 x 13 mm<br />
100 + 2 x 13 mm<br />
100 + 2 x 13 mm<br />
<br />
<br />
100 mm<br />
<br />
12.5 mm<br />
19 mm<br />
13 mm<br />
19 mm<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
12.5 mm<br />
19 mm<br />
<br />
150-225 mm<br />
150 mm<br />
200 mm<br />
250-450 mm<br />
75-300 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 144px;"><div class="paragraph">
2.6<br />
2.0<br />
0.35<br />
0.26-0.3<br />
0.52<br />
1.5<br />
11 kN/m3<br />
0.09<br />
0.15<br />
0.12<br />
0.25<br />
20 kN/m3<br />
0.5<br />
0.35<br />
2.6<br />
2.0<br />
0.04<br />
7 kN/m3<br />
0.08<br />
0.12<br />
0.2 kN/m3<br />
1.8-3.3<br />
2.4<br />
2.8<br />
3.7-5.5<br />
3.7-7.4</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> Q</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Quarry tiles</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 249px;"><div class="paragraph">
Including mortar & bedding</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 138px;"><div class="paragraph">
12.5 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 145px;"><div class="paragraph">
0.32</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> R</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Raised floors<br />
<br />
<br />
Ribbed slab<br />
Roofing tiles</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 251px;"><div class="paragraph">
Heavy duty<br />
Medium weight<br />
Lightweight<br />
<br />
Clay - plain<br />
Clay pantile<br />
Concrete<br />
Slate</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 138px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
<br />
250-500 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 143px;"><div class="paragraph">
0.5<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
4.0-5.7<br />
0.77<br />
0.42<br />
0.51<br />
0.3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> <strong>S</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Sand<br />
<br />
Screed<br />
<br />
<br />
Slate<br />
Snow<br />
<br />
Softwood<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Soils<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Stainless steel roofing<br />
Steel<br />
Stone<br />
Granite<br />
<br />
Limestone<br />
<br />
<br />
Marble<br />
Sandstone<br />
<br />
<br />
Slate<br />
Suspended ceiling</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 249px;"><div class="paragraph">
Dry, loose<br />
Wet, compact<br />
Sand/cement<br />
<br />
<br />
Slab<br />
Fresh<br />
Wet, compacted<br />
<br />
T&G (Tongue and Groove)<br />
T&G (Tongue and Groove)<br />
Battens for slating & tiling<br />
25 mm T&G boards on 100x50 timber joists @ 400 crs<br />
25 mm T&G boards on 250x50 timber joists @ 400 crs<br />
Loose sand & gravels<br />
Dense sand & gravels<br />
Soft/firm clays & silts<br />
Stiff clays and silts<br />
Longstrip<br />
Mild<br />
<br />
Cornish (Cornwall)<br />
Rublislaw (Grampian)<br />
Bath (Wiltshire)<br />
Mansfield (Nottinghamshire)<br />
Portland (Dorset)<br />
Italian<br />
Bramley Fell (West Yorkshire)<br />
Forest of Dean (Gloucestershire)<br />
Dalrey Dale or Kerridge (Derbyshire)<br />
Welsh<br />
Aluminium<br />
Steel</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 139px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
<br />
50 mm<br />
75 mm<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
15.5 mm<br />
22 mm<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0.4 mm<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 144px;"><div class="paragraph">
16 kN/m3<br />
19 kN/m3<br />
22 kN/m3<br />
1.15<br />
1.8<br />
28 kN/m3<br />
1 kN/m3<br />
3 kN/m3<br />
6 kN/m3<br />
0.09<br />
0.12<br />
0.03<br />
0.23<br />
<br />
0.33<br />
<br />
16 kN/m3<br />
22 kN/m3<br />
18 kN/m3<br />
21 kN/m3<br />
0.05<br />
78 kN/m3<br />
<br />
26 kN/m3<br />
25 kN/m3<br />
21 kN/m3<br />
22 kN/m3<br />
22 kN/m3<br />
27 kN/m3<br />
22 kN/m3<br />
24 kN/m3<br />
23-25 kN/m3<br />
28 kN/m3<br />
0.05<br />
0.1</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> T</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Timber<br />
<br />
Terracotta<br />
Terrazzo<br />
Thatch</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 249px;"><div class="paragraph">
C16<br />
C24<br />
<br />
Paving<br />
Including battens</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 139px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
<br />
<br />
20 mm<br />
305 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 144px;"><div class="paragraph">
3.6 kN/m3<br />
4.1 kN/m3<br />
18 kN/m3<br />
0.42<br />
0.45</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> W</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Waffle slab<br />
Water<br />
Woodwool slabs</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 252px;"><div class="paragraph">
Standard moulds<br />
Fresh</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 135px;"><div class="paragraph">
325-525 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 145px;"><div class="paragraph">
6.0-8.6<br />
10 kN/m3<br />
6 kN/m3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> <strong>Z</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
<div class="wsite-multicol" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin: 0px -15px;">
<table class="wsite-multicol-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; table-layout: fixed; width: 830px;"><tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody">
<tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 178px;"><div class="paragraph">
Zinc</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 252px;"><div class="paragraph">
Cast<br />
Longstrip roofing</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 134px;"><div class="paragraph">
<br />
0.8 mm</div>
</td><td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="border: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 146px;"><div class="paragraph">
72 kN/m3<br />
0.06</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="paragraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="paragraph">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wsite-adsense" style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
</div>
<div style="font-size: 11.68px; line-height: 17.52px;">
</div>
</div>
Main Post From </div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-57774985938535089642015-11-26T02:26:00.002-08:002015-11-26T02:26:47.983-08:00FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BY Joseph E. Bowles, RE., S.E.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq-43l7PFpAYpRvRCvc7W7q35O3LF7vjHN5EDazJ_xt75pk8fhfAyGw9-8Lvb-FRfQRW1zXIurZvTwxfn1MB1g0j_tRlePnjBCqSNJVj0TR3AssWUJIou4UHH2I6731hE0V-5FY6uucHs/s1600/bowles.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq-43l7PFpAYpRvRCvc7W7q35O3LF7vjHN5EDazJ_xt75pk8fhfAyGw9-8Lvb-FRfQRW1zXIurZvTwxfn1MB1g0j_tRlePnjBCqSNJVj0TR3AssWUJIou4UHH2I6731hE0V-5FY6uucHs/s320/bowles.png" width="241" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Title of the book: Foundation Analysis and Design<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Authors: Joseph E. Bowles, RE., S.E.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Edition: 5th<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Publishers: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">ISBN: 0-07-912247-7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Pages: 1230<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Chapters: 20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Files type: PDF<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Contents: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Geotechnical and Index Properties: Laboratory Testing; Settlement and Strength Correlations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.1563px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Exploration, Sampling, and In Situ Soil Measurements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Bearing Capacity of Foundations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Foundation Settlements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.1563px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Improving Site Soils for Foundation Use<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.1563px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Factors to Consider in Foundation Design<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Spread Footing Design<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Special Footings and Beams on Elastic Foundations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Mat Foundations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Lateral Earth Pressure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Mechanically Stabilized Earth and Concrete Retaining Walls<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Sheet-pile Walls: Cantilevered and Anchored<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Walls for Excavations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Cellular Cofferdams<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Single Piles – Static Capacity and Lateral Loads; Pile/Pole Buckling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Single Piles: Dynamic Analysis, Load Tests</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Pile Foundations: Groups</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Drilled Piers or Caissons</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Design of Foundations for Vibration Controls</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<a href="https://userscloud.com/aplub7aps11r" target="_blank">APPENDIX REFERENCE INDEX.pdf - 2.2 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/yt8nmslvmvdp" target="_blank">CHAPTER - 1, INTRODUCTION.pdf - 756 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/8060yfdji77f" target="_blank">CHAPTER - 2, GEOTECHNICAL AND INDEX PROPERTIES LABORATORY TESTING, SETTEMENT AND STRENGTH CORRELATIONS.pdf - 5.6 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/aef3gxydcigz" target="_blank">CHAPTER - 3, EXPLORATION, SAMPLING AND IN SITTU SOIL MEASUREMENTS.pdf - 1.5 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/2tln075v2f5r" target="_blank">CHAPTER - 4 BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION.pdf - 1.0 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/mu67oxcbka7d" target="_blank">CHAPTER -5 FOUNDATION SETTLEMENTS.pdf - 1.6 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/ewwgqee8z4fd" target="_blank">CHAPTER -6 IMPROVEING SITE SOILS FOR FOUNDATION USE.pdf - 1.1 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/t7sz5pab8w2q" target="_blank">CHAPTER -7 FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN FOUNDATION DESIGN.pdf - 1.2 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/fhpzns0xzfcm" target="_blank">CHAPTER -8 SPREAD FOOTING DESIGN.pdf - 1007 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/4o299hhuf6u6" target="_blank">CHAPTER-9 SPECIAL FOOTINGS AND BEAMS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION.pdf - 915 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/fd7bpmqeieni" target="_blank">CHAPTER-10 MAT FOUNDATION.pdf - 771 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/4ee3l4cj7ii5" target="_blank">CHAPTER-11 LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE.pdf - 1.0 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/fznkbyfbxl3b" target="_blank">CHAPTER-12 MECHANICALLY STABLIZED EARTH AND CONRETE RETAINING WALLS.pdf - 1.2 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/3v5c8xmwoycw" target="_blank">CHAPTER-13 SHEET PILE WALLS CANTILEVERED AND ANCHORED.pdf - 1001 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/p6to8o8kjii6" target="_blank">CHAPTER-14 WALLS FOR EXCAVATIONS.pdf - 685 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/tlz5geg37yxv" target="_blank">CHAPTER-15 CELLULAR COFFERDAMS.pdf - 572 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/laahioeltl46" target="_blank">CHAPTER-16 SINGLE PILES—STATIC CAPACITY AND LATERAL LOADS PILE POLE BUCKLING.pdf - 1.5 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/8q4rgpaacjp2" target="_blank">CHAPTER-17 SINGLE PILES DYNAMIC ANALYSIS LOAD TESTS.pdf - 1.7 MB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/glp7of6shqam" target="_blank">CHAPTER-18 PILE FOUNDATIONS GROUPS.pdf - 779 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/x1udgt9c3v1j" target="_blank">CHAPTER-19 DRILLED PIERS OR CAISSONS.pdf - 624 KB</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://userscloud.com/bs3ppa9nu8hn" target="_blank">CHAPTER-20 DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS FOR VIBRATION CONTROLS.pdf - 679 KB</a>
</div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-92002437474039141492015-11-18T21:25:00.000-08:002015-11-18T21:25:13.555-08:00DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://tinypic.com/?ref=5lq8mv" target="_blank"><img alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" border="0" src="http://i66.tinypic.com/5lq8mv.jpg" height="112" title="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">S<b style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;">tructural steel</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;">is</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 22.4px;">steel</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;">construction material, a</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 22.4px;">profile</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;">, formed with a specific</span><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 22.4px;">shape</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;">or</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 22.4px;">cross section</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;">and certain standards of</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 22.4px;">chemical composition</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px;">and mechanical properties. Structural steel shape, size, composition, strength, storage, etc., is regulated in most industrialized countries.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Structural steel members, such as <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">I</span><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">-beams</span></span>, have high second moments of area, which allow them to be very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">If you have a steel structure book then you can design any kind of steel structure.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">below i describe some book.</span><br />
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<a href="https://userscloud.com/y0suv3rdcdcc" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="44" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbmhD9YA0NY-8EWQIJZLirxrpA7C67ZdtY_0MPy2PctFu7Fd72di4Kb_JmgzJOI1FyXrfL5hs2K5uhn50pIcC6q_VE_kckY1qbQOb9zbwTrjEa70CuNO88Ln1m-_RoXw2cuR1f9gx-4VVm/s200/52mnmu.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://userscloud.com/ap0k0k8m69mp" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="44" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbmhD9YA0NY-8EWQIJZLirxrpA7C67ZdtY_0MPy2PctFu7Fd72di4Kb_JmgzJOI1FyXrfL5hs2K5uhn50pIcC6q_VE_kckY1qbQOb9zbwTrjEa70CuNO88Ln1m-_RoXw2cuR1f9gx-4VVm/s200/52mnmu.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">also for you describe some image of steel structure details</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQajOTzUWibR3NMRWOxBlfBA9ktc6w2drHO5UqaCr5x_mOma8ArnApdVbdck3KvOIztlRJJtov1OjIiiHZmNLoEWHMqn4-QF9ktpLkrHz2kJZCi4irRpk-NKECUbAhnBHMA0NCGCXt-AA/s1600/10591925-steel-designs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQajOTzUWibR3NMRWOxBlfBA9ktc6w2drHO5UqaCr5x_mOma8ArnApdVbdck3KvOIztlRJJtov1OjIiiHZmNLoEWHMqn4-QF9ktpLkrHz2kJZCi4irRpk-NKECUbAhnBHMA0NCGCXt-AA/s1600/10591925-steel-designs.jpg" title="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSVEoaEzlz7w1UvSPV0t_LOCRnrnfjEQuICNWbZBO-NGUTEXq1INz6_h7Z7VVmQNe_unu_w_fTlZQDw0LfGtDFsGBp9pMcQWDQgkzPwu8DzmRwKwbo25dIY_xZ-1N1yzle9Ou5HN0-wjU/s1600/Construction-Design-Steel-Structure-Warehouses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSVEoaEzlz7w1UvSPV0t_LOCRnrnfjEQuICNWbZBO-NGUTEXq1INz6_h7Z7VVmQNe_unu_w_fTlZQDw0LfGtDFsGBp9pMcQWDQgkzPwu8DzmRwKwbo25dIY_xZ-1N1yzle9Ou5HN0-wjU/s1600/Construction-Design-Steel-Structure-Warehouses.jpg" title="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMWVdhh9pF-w5lrluAJ9xCP61wFn7qKkO4O0fl6qL6tHr-Ifb63ZERlO03dJBqpoXBNPraTxhCF2TBJH8LMgCBkzmWhZOX4ndZOsxMuPmybaEBsOb_LItpFp-uM52oW0M3eIS9oBQgjM/s1600/jbn_building_terminology_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMWVdhh9pF-w5lrluAJ9xCP61wFn7qKkO4O0fl6qL6tHr-Ifb63ZERlO03dJBqpoXBNPraTxhCF2TBJH8LMgCBkzmWhZOX4ndZOsxMuPmybaEBsOb_LItpFp-uM52oW0M3eIS9oBQgjM/s1600/jbn_building_terminology_.jpg" title="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-26ljAFlzILoIm6IJWhITr3tnXNX9QYgUQ5frlxlqRFyGSpmOqz5qMk92js12TIe369CLLstOtZHIStIXQKFZvK4JL5o2LAdV3IFFCkZ-V3ZwZPckRrD77sLmAL6h-tLzSSAOyMGaBU/s1600/Steel-Structure-Building-Design-SSW-125-.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-26ljAFlzILoIm6IJWhITr3tnXNX9QYgUQ5frlxlqRFyGSpmOqz5qMk92js12TIe369CLLstOtZHIStIXQKFZvK4JL5o2LAdV3IFFCkZ-V3ZwZPckRrD77sLmAL6h-tLzSSAOyMGaBU/s1600/Steel-Structure-Building-Design-SSW-125-.jpg" title="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL3usaqIxj5gqE_PYp_B2iPWJ8WOwbx7S17H6bLABWFqML1jp6Nr16vVVjTuIXlxy05LMGBcI_l0qgMGbNTvhJ8ThE5ArGbHp0gBB68Yli1cjvowo1j6EdXl8Qhfbm8DGRpa4PiNiWFx4/s1600/Strong_Steel_Structure_Design.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL3usaqIxj5gqE_PYp_B2iPWJ8WOwbx7S17H6bLABWFqML1jp6Nr16vVVjTuIXlxy05LMGBcI_l0qgMGbNTvhJ8ThE5ArGbHp0gBB68Yli1cjvowo1j6EdXl8Qhfbm8DGRpa4PiNiWFx4/s1600/Strong_Steel_Structure_Design.jpg" title="DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS PURLIN STRUCTURE" /></a></div>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-50086961932977849052015-11-03T01:04:00.002-08:002015-11-03T01:04:55.008-08:00LATEST STADD PRO TUTORIAL PDF<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">STAAD Pro is a structural design and analysis tool which was developed by Research Engineers. Research Engineers was later bought by a Pennsylvania based CAD/CAM software company Bentley Systems. STAAD Pro is considered number 1 structural analysis tool and is widely used all over the world. STAAD Pro is the ultimate choice of more than a million structural engineers all over the world and the reason being the number one choice is its ease of use and availability of all the necessary tools which are required to complete an analytic process on different structures. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Design any type of structure and share your synchronized model data with confidence among your entire design team, using STAAD.Pro. Ensure on time and on budget completion of your steel, concrete, timber, aluminum, and cold-formed steel projects, regardless of complexity. You can confidently design structures anywhere in the world using over 80 international codes, reducing your team’s need to learn multiple software applications.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Thanks to the flexible modeling environment and advanced features such as dynamic change revisions and management, you can:
Lower total cost of ownership: </span><br />
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Increase design productivity: </span><br />
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Reduce project costs and delays: Provide accurate and economical designs to your clients and quickly turnaround change requests</span><br />
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-90991635272040117372015-10-14T22:18:00.000-07:002015-10-14T22:18:00.131-07:00Unit Weight Of Building Construction Materials <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<img alt="Weight of Construction Building Material" border="0" src="http://i58.tinypic.com/zsq23d.jpg" title="Weight of Construction Building Material" /><br />
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Following table shows unit weight of materials used at construction site. Please note this is for reference purpose only and may vary from place and type of material.</div>
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We are thankful to Engineer Ravi Verma for submitting this very useful information to us. If you also have any other formula and shortcuts which can be used on construction site do submit it to us using the comment box from below post.</div>
<img alt="Weight of Construction Building Material" border="0" src="http://i62.tinypic.com/35n29tg.jpg" title="Weight of Construction Building Material" />
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-45755894271963319482015-10-09T22:05:00.000-07:002017-09-18T04:05:39.581-07:00Any PDF drawing to autocad drawing DWG Converter<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-36382965137741492172015-10-08T03:07:00.001-07:002015-10-08T03:07:38.591-07:00CONCRETE MIX RATIO WITH GRADE AND USAGE AREA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://www.everything-about-concrete.com/images/400xNxmix-material.jpg.pagespeed.ic.NUuS5Pxjrf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="CONCRETE MIX RATIO WITH GRADE AND USAGE AREA" border="0" src="http://www.everything-about-concrete.com/images/400xNxmix-material.jpg.pagespeed.ic.NUuS5Pxjrf.jpg" style="margin-top: 0px; max-width: none;" title="CONCRETE MIX RATIO WITH GRADE AND USAGE AREA" width="400" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When making concrete it's important to use the correct concrete mixing ratios to produce a strong, durable concrete mix.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To make concrete there are four basic materials you need: portland cement, sand, aggregate (stone), and water. The ratio of aggregate to sand to cement is an important factor in determining the compressive strength of the concrete mixture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A concrete mixture ratio of 1 part cement, 3 parts sand, and 3 parts aggregate will produce a concrete mix of approximately 3000 psi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mixing water with the cement, sand, and stone will form a paste that will bind the materials together until the mix hardens. The strength properties of the concrete are inversely proportional to the water/cement ratio.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">First put in the water - around 7 litres (1½ gallons), using more or less depending on the type of mix required. Add some aggregate before adding cement, to avoid sticking. Work consistently to the ratio of ingredients for whatever type of concrete mix you are working to.</span></div>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="109"></col><col width="76"></col><col width="163"></col><col width="277"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 23px;"><td colspan="4" style="background-color: #b6d7a8; border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">CONCRETE MIX RATIO</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 45px;"><td style="background-color: #d5a6bd; border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mix Ratio</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Grade</span></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5a6bd; border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Use Area</span></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5a6bd; border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Note</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 36px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1:1:2</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">M - 25</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">High Strength area</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 60px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1:1.5:3 </span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">M - 20</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For Column, Pile Cap, Shear Wall</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">With 3/4" down stone Chips +With Ratio of Sylhet Sand and Local Sand 2:1</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 59px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1:2:3.5</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">M - 15</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For Underground Water tank, Footing</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">With Ratio of Sylhet Sand and Local Sand 2:1</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 40px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1:2:3.5 </span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">M - 15</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For Floor Slab, Beam, Stair</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">With Ratio of Sylhet Sand and Local Sand 2:1</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 64px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1:2:4 </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">M - 15</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For Lintel, Sunshade, False Ceiling</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 0.96; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">With brick Chips + Ratio of Sylhet Sand and Local Sand 2:1</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 16px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1:3:6</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">M - 10</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 9px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1:5:10</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">M- 5</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-left: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-right: solid #9e9e9e 1px; border-top: solid #9e9e9e 1px; padding: 9px 9px 9px 9px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td></tr>
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<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"><td align="center" rowspan="2"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="2">Mix</td><td align="center" colspan="3">Batch quantities</td><td align="center" rowspan="2">Approx<br />batch output<br />(ltr)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">Cement<br />(50kg bag)</td><td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">Sand (ltr)</td><td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">Stone (ltr)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Most ordinary concrete</td><td align="center">1:2:4</td><td align="center">½ bag</td><td align="center">35</td><td align="center">70</td><td align="center">85</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Foundations</td><td align="center">1:3:6</td><td align="center"><span class="small"><sup>1</sup>/3</span> bag</td><td align="center">35</td><td align="center">70</td><td align="center">78</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Rough mass concrete</td><td align="center">1:4:8</td><td align="center">¼ bag</td><td align="center">35</td><td align="center">70</td><td align="center">78</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Watertight floors, tanks, pits, etc</td><td align="center">1:1½:3</td><td align="center"><span class="small"><sup>2</sup>/3</span> bag</td><td align="center">35</td><td align="center">70</td><td align="center">85<br /><br /><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="small" style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">for 35 litres use approx 6 No 2 shovels; 1m<sup>3</sup> = 1,000 litres</span></div>
</h2>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">
Getting a good mix</h3>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
The approximate mixing time for concrete is 2-4 minutes from when all the material (including the water) has been added - over-mixing can reduce strength and cause segregation of the coarser aggregates.</div>
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Beware of low grade aggregates; these will only lead to trouble later on with sinking and frost spoiling the appearance of the pour.</div>
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Also do not get the concrete mix too wet as this can reduce strength and make it less able to withstand weathering.</div>
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Looking after your mixer</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Never throw material into the mixer - trickle it steadily over the rim or it will stick firmly to the back of the drum and can only be dislodged by stopping the mixer.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Keep your mixer clean - material left in the drum will harden, and attract more on each use until the mixer is useless.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Do not throw bricks into a mixer drum to clean it out. The best method is a mix of 1" (2½cm) gravel and clean water - use plenty of it, as this will do the job in half the time.</div>
</div>
</div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-77824354651796020462015-10-03T03:29:00.000-07:002015-11-17T01:33:46.190-08:00Rebar compression tension Lap Length<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="gmail_default" style="color: magenta; font-family: verdana,sans-serif;">
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.77rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.625rem; padding: 0px;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEhLRvFJVDtV80a_J7tNvKloYuVZQuAzIXd7NXrcet8YysD8lJYmZV-ZRKULaVqRIwN4SJeXPFd3_JmA1y1Nkmd61z8jgc4_ito2xtF7U5JWw4NQbNJihaSeGa4jEOERr9bcl3QgGDdBAIKQjeD8ccKuElJ6zGL93oGmaWQNmrMODIuVYSvoXegYwTDqnA=" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.crsi.org/images/cmsIT/fckeditor/Image/steel/splice-lap_splice.jpg" style="height: 150px; max-width: 100%; width: 400px;" /></span></a><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">A lap is when two pieces of rebar are overlapped to create a continuous line of rebar. The length of the lap varies depend on concrete strength, the rebar grade, size, and spacing. CRSI's "Reinforcement Anchorage and Splices" includes tables of required lap splice lengths based on these variables.</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.77rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.625rem; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Contact splices--in which the bars touch and are wired together--are preferred because they are more secure against displacement during construction. Non-contact lap-spliced bars should not be spaced too far apart.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="" src="http://www.crsi.org/images/cmsIT/fckeditor/image/steel/lap_splices.png" height="300" style="height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="550" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.77rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.625rem; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.77rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.625rem; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">For lap splice design and construction, the ACI 318 Building Code requires the Engineer to indicate locations and lengths of all lap splices on the structural drawings.</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.77rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.625rem; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Where reinforcing bars of two sizes are lap-spliced in tension, industry practice is to use the larger of the tension lap splice length for the smaller bar, or the tension development length for the larger bar. When bars of different sizes are lap-spliced in compression, the lap splice length must be the larger of the compression development length of the larger bar or the compression lap splice length of the smaller bar.</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.77rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.625rem; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Lap splices of #14 and #18 bars should not be used, except in compression only to #11 and smaller bars. Lap splices of bundled bars should be based on the lap splice length recommended for individual bars of the same size, and individual splices within the bundle should not overlap each other. The length of lap should be increased 20% for a 3-bar bundle and 33% for a 4-bar bundle. Bar laps should be securely wire-tied together to maintain the alignment of the bars and to provide minimum concrete cover.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-2469d475-2d34-e803-85ef-efe6f61dac10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 624px;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="background-color: #b6d7a8; border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Bar Dia</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #b6d7a8; border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Tension(inch)</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #b6d7a8; border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Compression(inch)</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 mm</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12 mm</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">15</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">16 mm</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">18</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">15</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20 mm</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">21</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">18</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">22 mm</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">27</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">21</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">25 mm</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">30</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">27</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; width: 470px;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td style="font-stretch: normal; padding-left: 10px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></td></tr>
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<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="How to calculate safe bearing capacity of soil on site" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2200" height="224" src="http://civilblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/How-to-calculate-safe-bearing-capacity-of-soil-on-site.jpg" style="border: 0px; clear: both; display: block; float: none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="HOW TO CALCULATE SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL ON SITE?" width="448" /></div>
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This simple and quick field test will give you a rough idea of bearing capacity of soil.</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #00ccff; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PROCEDURE</span></h2>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 1.5em 0px 1.571em 1.9em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Excavate a pit of required depth. (preferably equal to the depth of foundation)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Take a solid ball or square cube of known weight and dimension.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Drop the ball or square cube several times, from a known height on to the bottom surface of excavated pit.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Calculate the average depth of impression made several times on the bottom surface of the excavated pit. Let “d” is the average depth of impression.</li>
</ol>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #00ccff; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CALCULATION</span></strong></h2>
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Calculate the ultimate resistance of soil ( R ) using the formula given below.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">R = (w * h) / d</strong></div>
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Where,</div>
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R = Ultimate resistance of soil (in kg)</div>
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d = Average depth of impression (in cm)</div>
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w = Weight of the solid ball or square cube (in kg)</div>
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h = Height of fall of solid ball or cube (in cm)</div>
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If “A” is the cross-sectional area of the solid steel ball or cube, then resistance of soil per unit area is calculated using following formula.</div>
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Resistance of soil per unit area (in kg/cm<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>) = R / A</div>
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Safe bearing capacity (in kg/cm<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>) = R / (A * F.O.S)</div>
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Where,</div>
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F.O.S = Factor of safety</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">NOTES TO REMEMBER</span></h3>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 1.5em 0px 1.571em 1.9em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">F.O.S varies from 2 to 3 depending upon the type of structure and site condition.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In order to get reliable test result, perform this test on different types of soil and then use your judgment to reach at any conclusion.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Instead of using solid steel ball or square cube, we can also use CBR test plunger, or Cone (used for cone penetration test)</li>
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<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #00ccff; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PRESUMPTIVE BEARING CAPACITY</span></strong></h2>
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The table given below shows the presumptive bearing capacity values for different types of soils. This table will guide you to reach at any conclusion after conducting the test.</div>
<table style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); color: #555555; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 621px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Type of Soil / Rock</strong></td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Safe / Allowable Bearing Capacity (kg/cm<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>)</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Rock</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">32.40</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Soft rock</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">4.40</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Coarse sand</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">4.40</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Medium sand</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">2.45</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Fine sand</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">4.40</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Soft shell / Stiff clay</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">1.00</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Soft clay</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">1.00</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">Very soft clay</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="399">0.50</td></tr>
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<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">NOTES TO REMEMBER</span></h3>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 1.5em 0px 1.571em 1.9em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For non-cohesive soils the values should be reduced by 50% if the water table is above or near base of footing.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">These values should be used only for preliminary design. The actual bearing capacity of soil should be calculated as per the standard codes.</li>
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<span style="color: #555555; font-family: Droid Sans, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="line-height: 23px;">Main post from: http://civilblog.org/</span></span></div>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-52467710031709458052015-08-30T00:09:00.000-07:002015-08-30T00:09:07.799-07:00Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">The load-bearing wall of a single-storey building is to be supported on a wide reinforced strip foundation.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">A site investigation has revealed loose-to-medium granular soils from ground level to some considerable depth. The soil is variable with a safe bearing capacity ranging from 75–125 kN/m2. Also some soft spots were identified, where the bearing capacity could not be relied upon.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">The building could be supported on ground beams and piles taken down to a firm base, but in this case the solution chosen is to design a wide reinforced strip foundation capable of spanning across a soft area of nominal width. </span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">To minimize differential settlements and allow for the soft areas, the allowable bearing pressure will be limited to n</span><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">a</span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"> = 50 kN/m2 throughout. Soft spots encountered during construction will be removed and replaced with lean mix concrete; additionally, the footing will be designed to span 2.5 m across anticipated depressions. This value has been derived from the guidance for local depressions given later on raft foundations. The ground floor slab is designed to be suspended, although it will be cast using the ground as permanent formwork.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Loadings</b></i></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEFPUtEg_rdHj-OU-_KybKSXLO0yW_oGWkpP8ou1dcJvus_F-rxG2x8ViqXXtMjAiTrNMqxR2cXaFyalTDoSJFxYxI9HaYe61XQu4YRk6FdX54Hg5OOA36ZdS-rpNiiJkDJ2M4Cz2V_cSx/s1600/38.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">If the foundations and superstructure are being designed to limit state principles, loads should be kept as separate</span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><u style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </u></span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">unfactored characteristic dead and imposed values (as above), both for foundation bearing pressure design and for serviceability checks. The loads should then be factored up for the design of individual members at the ultimate limit state as usual.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">For foundations under dead and imposed loads only, factoring up loads for reinforcement design is best done by selecting an average partial load factor, γP, to cover both dead and imposed superstructure loads from</span><b style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"> Fig. 11.22</b><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"> (this is a copy of </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg96-BjjQ7g2YnW9CvKDGH-wk3FY7SBbTvv07TkW27dcNS4LcOMhfKRTYwiaYg9Y2O8oTM78oXRoUg_hCbGg20oSyDI35l6dtGuidtD9jqLetH0ywddjENY0UUC9zXo0neVAI70fxpkg6Yk/s1600/35.gif" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Fig. 11.20</b> Reinforced concrete strip design conditions.</a><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">).</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 5px auto 10px; padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8s4PFSP181usAMyWFoHVlEToetz9C360cOSvhqKlj0mIHuZXx3nK0KYMl4x3M61aeq4rYYFXtQuwP1bQMbIUZSLvoy8QxqbvRKMOgX8i0Pl6K1GenuX5xBic51RVwdskQBOoynYb-VIhk/s1600/48.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Combined partial safety factor for dead + imposed loads." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8s4PFSP181usAMyWFoHVlEToetz9C360cOSvhqKlj0mIHuZXx3nK0KYMl4x3M61aeq4rYYFXtQuwP1bQMbIUZSLvoy8QxqbvRKMOgX8i0Pl6K1GenuX5xBic51RVwdskQBOoynYb-VIhk/s1600/48.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Combined partial safety factor for dead + imposed loads." /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="tr-caption" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 9.60000038146973px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Fig. 11.22</b> Combined partial safety factor for dead + imposed loads.</span></span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgc92VQhqxOj8n_g2HkAF7Lmot0myHxG_gj5GVplcY8w9Hw4a6hew9d8lO0Knb43GrnAuW7HMlFOV1mqxftY5R7lfnMWnDMHUdN7-166QVSFibM1PaRnpfEJfXVVFMSG0EK9EaSNEzuf-j/s1600/39.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgc92VQhqxOj8n_g2HkAF7Lmot0myHxG_gj5GVplcY8w9Hw4a6hew9d8lO0Knb43GrnAuW7HMlFOV1mqxftY5R7lfnMWnDMHUdN7-166QVSFibM1PaRnpfEJfXVVFMSG0EK9EaSNEzuf-j/s1600/39.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">From </span><b style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Fig. 11.22</b><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">, the combined partial safety factor for superstructure loads is γ</span><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">P</span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"> = 1.46.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Weight of base and backfill, f = average density × depth</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"> = 20 × 0.9</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"> = 18.0 kN/m2</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">This is all dead load, thus the combined partial load factor for foundation loads, γ</span><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">F</span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"> = 1.4.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sizing of foundation width</b></i><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">New ground levels are similar to existing ones, thus the (weight of the) new foundation imposes no additional surcharge, and may be ignored.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">The minimum foundation width is given by </span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuG0nULO4BMtbkQyoR0aH8NkmmB0Q6Q86QCVIo4BN5mdZKC6K-5eniKxTilp79rQwp2eYbn5RUgx04D4_LMb1HS7gEedOqB6hmCOLb1fvkK6RYC-40cvWjqCcrgC8mMl40MZ1Qj-EVVxlA/s1600/40.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Adopt a 1.2 m wide × 350 mm deep reinforced strip foundation, using grade 35 concrete (</span><b style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">see Fig. 11.23</b><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">).</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkBi7o9WxMBkbHWDk1vpf1Lq_eGmX5f-1cPaPTSUv1ap37CBr7FNLk3ccdqo0qDOr4Ei2xfqVOctbJ_tDt1DWUpQ75PIhZmwLdOA_KCWkwK5-1Z1HzhG_Bt5rgxEb8mh8EscsEicT1HzCk/s1600/49.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Fig. 11.23</b> Reinforced strip foundation design example – loads and bearing pressures.</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Reactive upwards design pressure for lateral reinforcement design </b></i></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMmAuf2u3kNjcHGmTx7xEuBsTG0PBYpCLmDzDWRJjqCtvVu6HHrOuG37vQ0rdkU4mYisSyfA0hopjm8eaX1eR3zcURli5YHhROX5X11k0Dexi0DwCWiHv8QIgQDy6bBzflk0JKk4Dm-nCF/s1600/41.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Lateral bending and shear</b></i><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">b = 1000 mm.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKEmxOWNbfoluQ34BoH0NIKN0sNONSmKsTbQpBkHgcd7dV8ZlvmdRCIHLS0jMOBn3FV68ON_vVOogWiNb8Yn_RMWhOq-mdp6FVohYPzl0-1U4zqgmZC5OmW3zEPnlQ5PcudAocSF-qsjnL/s1600/42.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEichc8Q3ngoFES_-5Tm_Dm4Ibvm9i217_Iq1nAsOZmyPVTE71N6qV_ch9TEkRhkHBkU6vzHuhqfTD4D3gZnZ0pGWUv8_sQ1J5OGjtFcBwXQaADiIOv7d2x1kI-28b3u8h5qzxF3-ME3MsvI/s1600/44.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Thus vu < vc , therefore no shear reinforcement is required.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Loading for spanning over depressions</b></i><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Where a local depression occurs, the foundation is acting like a suspended slab. The ultimate load causing bending and shear in the foundation is the total load i.e. superstructure load + foundation load, which is given by</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWHj31xbSVxaTgo8V8vkts0zVkFH_MGDEaHNVkfN5VOfkjpnsZAGJuEcSXEUt9fRLS1K3bOEaFD6QEABPyDb-U7YhWnl8EQnkVQWSxZSfYBWPuY8T9czEwoglbuQz0PP2wWPogJFnvMo0k/s1600/45.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Longitudinal bending and shear due to depressions</b></i><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Ultimate moment due to foundation spanning – assumed simply supported – over a 2.5 m local depression is</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj18n-mdSg3LrmTtR2tHEjpYsjuEH5TKsMVWJgVLt7Rb-SMXLYPMxnrk3heEyQtr3KoKkF1AQFyZw8rMXEviSsVmPeTKHY09YjxOYAx0HJEzzxDvEnQf6WypE0qB8Kb_J7fyM00S4CaEkuD/s1600/46.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Width for reinforcement design is b = B = 1200 mm.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB8xotneR9huxJQKcPAkswsMu6fmhSR4UKxMyIUjQ1HzTIY_M9B5VsBRO9InrLzXjZRd0f00No9Kwhom3NR08cLB0pqSDng4xIJhTrFHTekl1BQug1Aegt-WtVDnaKkk-EJDQnCd9GFzWN/s1600/47.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Design Example: Reinforced Strip Foundation." /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Thus vu < vc = 0.49 N/mm2, therefore no shear reinforcement is needed.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Depression at corner of building</b></i><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">The previous calculations have assumed that the depression is located under a continuous strip footing. The</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">depression could also occur at the corner of a building where two footings would meet at right angles. A similar calculation should then be carried out, to provide top reinforcement for both footings to cantilever at these corners.</span><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRiUJUpaqzuLMJ0oLwUAJUI6GOxoZoMB0PedhW3qdJLcBZ3cveIo4Lv9wEPy-8tV3PNILPF6FnxeqOwNV40ImNtch09kDSyf5RrZpUotL9lKKQ5xJcPu-aKWwRoNKi30pjz3jtrcYJh4zT/s320/50.gif" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Fig. 11.24</b> Reinforced strip footing design example – reinforcement.</span></span></div>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-39269603934841256682015-08-29T04:22:00.003-07:002015-08-30T02:24:54.277-07:00Land Measurement Conversion Between Katha Bigha, Acre<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://tinypic.com/?ref=2w4d91g" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Land Measurement Conversion Between KKatha Bigha, Acre" border="0" src="http://i57.tinypic.com/2w4d91g.jpg" height="200" title="Land Measurement Conversion Between KKatha Bigha, Acre" width="200" /></a><br />
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A <b>katha</b> (also spelled <i>kattha</i> or <i>cottah</i>) is a unit of area in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Bangladesh</span> and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">India</span> approximately equal to 1/20 of a <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">bigha</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This unit is still in use in much of Bangladesh and India, but the size varies significantly from place to place. In the Indian state of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Bihar</span>, one katha may vary from 750 ft² to 2000 ft². Also this can be 32 by 30 feet in length and breadth respectively.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Bangladesh</span>, one katha is standardized to 720 sq ft area, and 20 katha equals to 1 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">bigha</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Katha is still in use in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Nepal</span>, where it is equivalent to 338.57 m² (3,644.3 ft²).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 10.76 sft</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 decimal = 436 ft</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 squre mile=640 Acre</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 katha = 720ft</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 80 Goj</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 8.80000019073486px; line-height: 11.7333345413208px;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 katha = 1.65 decimal/shotangsho</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 Acre=3 biga=4 chotak=60 katha=43200 sft=4014 m2</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1km</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=247 Acre=741 biga=14820 katha=10670400sft=991672 m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 8.80000019073486px; line-height: 11.7333345413208px;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1biga=20 katha=720X20sft=14400ft</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=14400/10.76=1338m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-24a0039b-792c-fed6-60be-cb42f87cf99e"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1hectare=2.47Acre=7.41biga=148.2katha=106704 ft</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=9</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9916 m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8.8px; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></span></span></div>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-84226910215306213062015-08-26T01:30:00.001-07:002015-08-26T01:30:44.936-07:00Structural Engineer Pocket Book Pdf download<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Structural engineering</b> is a field of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">engineering</span> dealing with the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">analysis</span> and design of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">structures</span> that support or resist <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">loads.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Structural engineers</span> are most commonly involved in the design of buildings and large <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">nonbuilding structures</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IStructE_2-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; white-space: nowrap;">[</span>2]</sup> but they can also be involved in the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">design</span> of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">machinery</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">medical equipment</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">vehicles</span> or any item where structural integrity affects the item's function or safety. Structural engineers must ensure their designs satisfy given design criteria, predicated on safety (i.e. structures must not collapse without due warning) or serviceability and performance (i.e. building sway must not cause discomfort to the occupants).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Structural engineering theory is based upon applied <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">physical laws</span> and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">empirical</span> knowledge of the structural performance of different materials and geometries. Structural engineering design utilizes a number of simple <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">structural elements</span> to build complex <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">structural systems</span>. Structural engineers are responsible for making creative and efficient use of funds, structural elements and materials to achieve these goals.</span></div>
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<a href="https://userscloud.com/6lagajscqxo7" target="_blank">structural-engineer's-pocket-book.pdf - 2.1 MB</a>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-38154566542703102482015-08-25T04:05:00.001-07:002015-08-25T04:05:24.825-07:00Water Cement Ratio Relation with Slump test<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://imgur.com/wR0ECHZ" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://i.imgur.com/wR0ECHZ.png?1" title="source: imgur.com" /></a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">The </span><b style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">water–cement ratio</b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">cement</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> used in a </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">concrete</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> mix and has an important influence on the quality of concrete produced. A lower water-cement ratio leads to higher strength and durability, but may make the mix more difficult to place. Placement difficulties can be resolved by using </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">plasticizers</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> or </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">super-plasticizers</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Concrete hardens as a result of the chemical reaction between cement and water (known as <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">hydration</span>, this produces heat and is called the heat of hydration). For every pound (or kilogram or any unit of weight) of cement, about 0.25 pounds (or 0.25 kg or corresponding unit) of water is needed to fully complete the hydration reactions. This requires a water-cement ratio of 1:4 often given as a proportion: 0.25. However, a mix with a w/c ratio of 0.25 may not mix thoroughly, and may not flow well enough to be placed, so more water is used than is technically necessary to react with the cement. More typical water-cement ratios of 0.4 to 0.6 are used. For higher-strength concrete, lower water:cement ratios are used, along with a plasticizer to increase flowability.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Too much water will result in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">segregation of the sand and aggregate components from the cement paste</span>. Also, water that is not consumed by the hydration reaction may leave the concrete as it hardens, resulting in microscopic pores(bleeding) that will reduce the final strength of the concrete. A mix with too much water will experience more shrinkage as the excess water leaves, resulting in internal cracks and visible fractures (particularly around inside corners) which again will reduce the final strength.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The 1997 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Uniform Building Code</span> specifies a maximum 0.50 water-to-cement ratio (1:2) when concrete is exposed to freezing and thawing in a moist condition or to de-icing chemicals, and a maximum 0.45 water to cement ratio for concrete in severe or very severe sulfate conditions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Slump relation with concrete strength.</span></h3>
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<a href="http://imgur.com/5bgRqVk"><img src="http://i.imgur.com/5bgRqVk.jpg" title="source: imgur.com" /></a></div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-50665550903470727942015-08-20T00:08:00.003-07:002015-08-22T00:43:42.149-07:00DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES (General Technical Specification)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://imgur.com/Jkotd8D" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES (General Technical Specification)" src="http://i.imgur.com/Jkotd8Dl.jpg" height="266" title="source: imgur.com" width="400" /></a>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">General<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This specification shall apply to structural steel work. For technological structures, additional stipulations shall be considered as per technical requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Design considerations<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Structures shall be designed such that they are economical and safe and meet the functional and service requirement of the technological process for which they are designed. The architectural planning of the building shall be based on technological requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The structures shall be designed conforming to the relevant safety regulations, Factory Acts, Electricity Rules and stipulations of statutory bodies as applicable to the project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Natural ventilation shall be provided ensuring that it does not permit rain water entry into the building. Scope of natural lighting shall be used to the maximum possible extent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mild steel gutters and down-pipes with gutter outlets having grating cover shall be provided to carry rain water from roofs of buildings to the drainage system at ground level. All gutters shall be designed as walkable with 600 mm sole width.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Adequate facilities in the form of monorails, hoists, platforms etc. shall be provided to facilitate repair and maintenance of overhead cranes, equipment, etc. Access to these platforms shall be provided by stairs / ladders from the nearest accessible floor or platform.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Access to all floors, gangways and landings shall be by staircases. Access to platforms and landing of secondary importance or where such access is used only rarely, shall be by vertical ladders with safety hoops.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Roofs with access shall be provided with safety handrails along the periphery of the roof.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Edges of floors, gangways, stairs and landings shall be provided with safety hand railings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">At gable ends of buildings, platforms shall be provided connecting the walkways at crane gantry level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Floors, gangways and landings shall be covered as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">a) Gangways and landings shall have chequered plate with a minimum thickness of 6mm o/p suitably stiffened to meet design load requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">b) Floors and operating platforms other than the above shall have chequered plate flooring or hot dip galvanised open gratings, or RCC slab resting on steel structural framework, to suit the technological requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Protective metal heat shields shall be provided for steel structures exposed to continuous heat radiation of temperature exceeding 150 °C and also where hot metal splashing on structures is likely to occur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">All buildings and their foundations shall be designed so that it shall be possible to extend them in the longitudinal direction at a later date without further strengthening of gable structures. Provision for transverse extension, if any, shall also be made at the initial stage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sheeting on sides and gables shall generally terminate 3.0 m above ground floor level unless required to be otherwise. Sides below this level shall be generally screened by brick walls allowing sufficient air inlet to achieve natural ventilation, unless otherwise required from technological / ventilation requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Connection by permanent bolts to structural elements subject to vibration shall be provided with lock nuts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For Analysis/ design of steel structural frame work STAAD PRO software shall be used. </span></div>
</div>
</div>
Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-83290630867783557622015-08-19T23:30:00.000-07:002017-09-18T04:06:49.143-07:00SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS OF BEAMS OF DIFFERENT SUPPORT CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">1. Simple Beam – Uniformly Distributed Load</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span>
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">2. Simple Beam – Uniform Load Partially Distributed</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span>
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">3. Simple Beam – Uniform Load Partially Distributed at One End</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">4. Simple Beam – Uniform Load Partially Distributed at Each End</b><br />
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">5. Simple Beam – Load Increasing Uniformly to One End</b><br />
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<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">6. Simple Beam – Load Increasing Uniformly to Center</b><br />
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">7. Simple Beam – Concentrated Load at Center</b><br />
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">8.Simple Beam – Concentrated Load at Any Point</b><br />
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<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">9. Simple Beam – Two Equal Concentrated Loads Symmetrically Placed</b><br />
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<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">10. Simple Beam – Two Equal Concentrated Loads Unsymmetrically</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">Placed</b><br />
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-69894360870393428832015-08-16T00:28:00.000-07:002017-09-18T04:02:14.104-07:00Download IS 875 part 1 2 3 Is 456.2000 PDF Free<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The <b>Bureau of Indian Standards</b> (<b>BIS</b>) is the national Standards Body of India working under the aegis of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Government of India</span>. It is established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 which came into effect on 23 December 1986. The Minister in charge of the Ministry or Department having administrative control of the BIS is the ex-officio President of the BIS.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The organization was formerly the <b>Indian Standards Institution</b> (<b>ISI</b>), set up under the Resolution of the then Department of Industries and Supplies No. 1 Std.(4)/45, dated 3 September 1946. The ISI was registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">As a corporate body, it has 25 members drawn from Central or State Governments, industry, scientific and research institutions, and consumer organizations. Its headquarters are in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">New Delhi</span>, with regional offices in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Kolkata</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Chennai</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Mumbai</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Chandigarh</span> and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Delhi</span>and 20 branch offices. It also works as <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">WTO-TBT</span> enquiry point for India.</span><br />
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-69568315833645742252015-08-14T23:41:00.000-07:002015-08-22T00:01:46.808-07:00Pre-Cracked CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 Free Download<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="single-post-thumb" style="background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><img alt="CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221" class="attachment-slider wp-post-image" height="270" src="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/CSI-ETABS-2015-v15.0.0.1221.jpg" style="border: 0px none; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; width: 620px;" width="430" /></div><div class="post-inner" style="background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 20px 0px;"><h1 class="name post-title entry-title" itemprop="itemReviewed" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" style="border: 0px none; font-family: Oswald, arial, Georgia, serif; font-size: 28px; font-weight: normal; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span itemprop="name" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">[ Pre-Cracked] CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 Free Download</span></h1><div class="entry" style="border: 0px none; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><center style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><br /></center><header style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 fast download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free download,download CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free full version,free CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 download full version for pc with crack,crack CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 direct download,direct CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 free download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 download for free,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 direct download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 full direct version download,CSI ETABS 2015 v15.0.0.1221 x86 / x64 torrent download,<span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS</b> – Software analysis and design of building structures for civil engineers a special software for the analysis and design of building structures is.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Use this software to analyze and design these structures is oriented.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">All the elements of a building are known for.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Processor design is very complete and all building elements can be found in the software design.</span></header><div class="post-content" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">This program has been developed for building systems.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The idea of building plans have been proposed 35 years ago (1963 Klavf RW).</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">However, the need for special programs such as ETABS became more apparent when the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of structural engineers to practical use, and with the advent of computers today with the power of computers for the top larger and more complex structures were used by engineers.</span></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS program in steel and concrete frame design criteria for seismic design of buildings are all considered.</span><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The program will be based on the criteria of plasticity concrete frame and average ordinary and special design.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Steel buildings are also special rules of ordinary and special moment frames and braced systems converge and diverge in terms of the design.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">In addition to the analysis and design is extraordinary, full two-way communication program ETABS <a class="backlink" href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://translate.googleusercontent.com%2Ftranslate_c%3Fdepth%3D1%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bprev%3Dsearch%26amp%3Brurl%3Dtranslate.google.co.in%26amp%3Bsl%3Dfa%26amp%3Bu%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fp30download.com%2Ffa%2Fsoftware%2F%26amp%3Busg%3DALkJrhgeI65E_foF5ZQgBEkhm2g8O6o2nA" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;">software</a> other more.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS SAFE program automatically creates an input file.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">SAP2000 ETABS program also has the ability to create the input file.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS in the new edition of the Mac line that calls the geometry and grid software is AutoCAD. Ability to send geometry to AutoCAD software and other characteristics as well. </span></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">A key feature of the software ETABS:</b></span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Analytical capabilities:</b></span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Knowledge of building elements and classes</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Automatic calculation of mass and center of gravity</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Transfer of gravity of the floor beams</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Production and distribution of lateral loads between levels of classes</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Modeling and ramp shell elements are</span></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Design Features:</b></span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Steel Frame Design</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Concrete Frame Design</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– Design of shear walls</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">– The design of composite beams</span></div></div><aside style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><div class="english-info" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><div class="excerpt" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">For nearly 30 years, <strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS</strong> has been recognized as the industry standard for Building Analysis <strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">and</strong> Design Software.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Today, continuing in the same tradition, ETABS has evolved into a completely integrated building analysis and design environment.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The system built around a physical object based graphical user interface, powered by targeted new special purpose algorithms for analysis and design, with interfaces for drafting and manufacturing, is redefining standards of integration, productivity and technical innovation.</span></div></div><div class="expandable" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The integrated model can include moment resisting frames, braced frames, staggered truss systems, frames with reduced beam sections or side plates, rigid and flexible floors, sloped roofs, ramps and parking structures, mezzanine floors, multiple tower buildings and stepped diaphragm systems with complex concrete, composite or steel joist floor framing systems.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">solutions to complex problems such as panel zone deformations, diaphragm shear stresses, and construction sequence loading are now at your fingertips.</span></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ETABS is the solution, whether you are designing a simple 2D frame or performing a dynamic analysis of a complex high-rise that utilizes non-linear dampers for inter-story drift control.</span></div></div><div class="expander" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">More info (open / close)</span></div></div><div class="extra-info" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="border: 0px none; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; list-style: none; margin: 25px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Specifications</span></h3><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Manufacturer:</strong> <a href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://translate.googleusercontent.com%2Ftranslate_c%3Fdepth%3D1%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bprev%3Dsearch%26amp%3Brurl%3Dtranslate.google.co.in%26amp%3Bsl%3Dfa%26amp%3Bu%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Freferless.com%2F%253Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.csiberkeley.com%2F%26amp%3Busg%3DALkJrhhijS_aeGrTGekVvKdGZEuN2Ds9QA" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;" target="_blank">Computers and Structures, Inc</a></span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">File Size:</strong> 548 + 521 MB</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Published:</strong> 11:04 – 93/12/12</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Source:</strong> <a href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://translate.googleusercontent.com%2Ftranslate_c%3Fdepth%3D1%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bprev%3Dsearch%26amp%3Brurl%3Dtranslate.google.co.in%26amp%3Bsl%3Dfa%26amp%3Bu%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fp30download.ir%2F%26amp%3Busg%3DALkJrhhZ5XCf9HiMK59f4goKmXDXvzOKPg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;" target="_blank" title="Download">PC Download</a></span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Rating:</strong></span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><img alt="" class="image-middle" src="http://p30download.com/template/images/3.5-star.gif" style="border: 0px none; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /></div></div><div class="post-help" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="border: 0px none; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; list-style: none; margin: 25px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Installation Guide</span></h3><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">1. Install the software and run it down.</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">2 files in the folder CSiLicensing LicenseRequest.exe run.</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">3. In the series you see the need to continue the series in a note.</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">4 files in the folder Crack Keygen moved into the installation folder and run it as Run as administrator.</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">5. Serial obtained in the previous section to remove some additional characters in the box below Kyjn.</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">For example, the series obtained in the form</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">3010- * 1KLX9HNUEKUUPN8</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Remove the extra characters that are as 3010- this way comes</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">* 1KLX9HNUEKUUPN8</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Finally, it should be typed in Kyjn Enter here and wait for the completion of the automatic activation program.</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">6. Run the software and the Czech About the remaining term you wish to see more than 200 days.</span></div></div><div class="download-links" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="border: 0px none; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; list-style: none; margin: 25px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Download links</span></h3><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="دانلود" class="image-text-top" src="http://p30download.com/template/icons/set3/arrow-down.gif" style="border: 0px none; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 0px;" title="Download" /> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://s12.p30download.com%2Fusers%2F212%2Fsoftware%2Fdesign-graphics%2Fcad%2FCSI.ETABS.2015.v15.0.0.1221.x86_p30download.com.rar" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Download the 32-bit version</strong> </a>– 548 MB</span><br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><img alt="دانلود" class="image-text-top" src="http://p30download.com/template/icons/set3/arrow-down.gif" style="border: 0px none; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 0px;" title="Download" /> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://s12.p30download.com%2Fusers%2F212%2Fsoftware%2Fdesign-graphics%2Fcad%2FCSI.ETABS.2015.v15.0.0.1221.x64_p30download.com.rar" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Download the 64-bit version</strong></a> – 521 MB</span></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="image-text-top" src="http://p30download.com/template/icons/set3/key.gif" style="border: 0px none; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /> <span class="notranslate" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://p30download.net%2Fuserfiles%2Fc%2FCSI.ETABS.2015.v15.0.0.1221.x86.x64.Keygen.Only_pd.zip" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;" target="_blank"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Download crack</strong> (alone)</a></span></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><strong style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.novadownloads.com/wp-content/plugins/ssd/l.php?http://www.novadownloads.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F03%2FPASSWORD-FILE-NOVADOWNLOADS.COM-1.rar" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border: 0px none; color: #c20000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;">PASSWORD FILE ( For open zip file)</a></strong></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;"><br /></div><div style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">Main Post From <a href="http://www.novadownloads.com/" target="_blank">novadownloads</a></div></div></aside></div></div></div>Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1890802680715612840.post-68973828251376981052015-08-06T01:51:00.000-07:002017-09-16T23:01:12.335-07:00Civil Engineering Formula Book Pdf<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Civil Engineering is symbol of a challenging profession. As a professionally one engineer must be know perfect knowledge. Lot of formula,tricks,thinking have in this profession. So many books have about this topic. Below given some books that can help you to know about civil engineering formula and other lot of knowledge</span><br />
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<b><span id="file_name_short47185582" style="color: black;">WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING FORMULA.pdf</span> </b>
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Abdul Kadirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14935449346562637820noreply@blogger.com0