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DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES (General Technical Specification)

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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">General<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This specification shall apply to structural steel work. For technological structures, additional stipulations shall be considered as per technical requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Design considerations<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">General<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Structures shall be designed such that they are economical and safe and meet the functional and service requirement of the technological process for which they are designed. The architectural planning of the building shall be based on technological requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The structures shall be designed conforming to the relevant safety regulations, Factory Acts, Electricity Rules and stipulations of statutory bodies as applicable to the project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Natural ventilation shall be provided ensuring that it does not permit rain water entry into the building. Scope of natural lighting shall be used to the maximum possible extent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mild steel gutters and down-pipes with gutter outlets having grating cover shall be provided to carry rain water from roofs of buildings to the drainage system at ground level. All gutters shall be designed as walkable with 600 mm sole width.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Adequate facilities in the form of monorails, hoists, platforms etc. shall be provided to facilitate repair and maintenance of overhead cranes, equipment, etc. Access to these platforms shall be provided by stairs / ladders from the nearest accessible floor or platform.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Access to all floors, gangways and landings shall be by staircases. Access to platforms and landing of secondary importance or where such access is used only rarely, shall be by vertical ladders with safety hoops.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Roofs with access shall be provided with safety handrails along the periphery of the roof.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Edges of floors, gangways, stairs and landings shall be provided with safety hand railings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">At gable ends of buildings, platforms shall be provided connecting the walkways at crane gantry level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Floors, gangways and landings shall be covered as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">a) Gangways and landings shall have chequered plate with a minimum thickness of 6mm o/p suitably stiffened to meet design load requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">b) Floors and operating platforms other than the above shall have chequered plate flooring or hot dip galvanised open gratings, or RCC slab resting on steel structural framework, to suit the technological requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Protective metal heat shields shall be provided for steel structures exposed to continuous heat radiation of temperature exceeding 150 °C and also where hot metal splashing on structures is likely to occur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">All buildings and their foundations shall be designed so that it shall be possible to extend them in the longitudinal direction at a later date without further strengthening of gable structures. Provision for transverse extension, if any, shall also be made at the initial stage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sheeting on sides and gables shall generally terminate 3.0 m above ground floor level unless required to be otherwise. Sides below this level shall be generally screened by brick walls allowing sufficient air inlet to achieve natural ventilation, unless otherwise required from technological / ventilation requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Connection by permanent bolts to structural elements subject to vibration shall be provided with lock nuts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For Analysis/ design of steel structural frame work STAAD PRO software shall be used. </span></div>
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DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES (General Technical Specification)

General This specification shall apply to structural steel work. For technological structures, additional stipulations shall be con...

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS OF BEAMS OF DIFFERENT SUPPORT CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS

0 BEAM 11:30 PM

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font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">4. Simple Beam – Uniform Load Partially Distributed at Each End</b><br />
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<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" />
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">6. Simple Beam – Load Increasing Uniformly to Center</b><br />
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">7. Simple Beam – Concentrated Load at Center</b><br />
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">8.Simple Beam – Concentrated Load at Any Point</b><br />
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">9. Simple Beam – Two Equal Concentrated Loads Symmetrically Placed</b><br />
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<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">10. Simple Beam – Two Equal Concentrated Loads Unsymmetrically</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">Placed</b><br />
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SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS OF BEAMS OF DIFFERENT SUPPORT CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS

1. Simple Beam – Uniformly Distributed Load 2. Simple Beam – Uniform Load Partially Distributed 3. Simple Beam – Uniform Load P...

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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The <b>Bureau of Indian Standards</b> (<b>BIS</b>) is the national Standards Body of India working under the aegis of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Government of India</span>. It is established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 which came into effect on 23 December 1986. The Minister in charge of the Ministry or Department having administrative control of the BIS is the ex-officio President of the BIS.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The organization was formerly the <b>Indian Standards Institution</b> (<b>ISI</b>), set up under the Resolution of the then Department of Industries and Supplies No. 1 Std.(4)/45, dated 3 September 1946. The ISI was registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">As a corporate body, it has 25 members drawn from Central or State Governments, industry, scientific and research institutions, and consumer organizations. Its headquarters are in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">New Delhi</span>, with regional offices in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Kolkata</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Chennai</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Mumbai</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Chandigarh</span> and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Delhi</span>and 20 branch offices. It also works as <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">WTO-TBT</span> enquiry point for India.</span><br />
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The Bureau of Indian Standards ( BIS ) is the national Standards Body of India working under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer ...

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